homonyms business

The name "Bell" was used and is still in use with a variety of telephone companies in North America and around the world, including (non exhaustive list):

>>>Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell, which since 2009 is the new name of the former Alcatel Shanghai Bell (since 2001), which was originally created as Shanghai Bell Manufacturing Co. in 1983

>>>American Bell Telephone Company, the new name of the former National Bell Telephone Company. He earned his new name March 20, 1880, and was then absorbed in its own subsidiary, American Telephone and Telegraph (AT & T) 30 December 1899;

>>>Bell Atlantic Corporation, the former name of Verizon Communications Inc., which is currently still part of the regional operating companies of Bell;

>>>Bell Canada, the new name of the Bell Telephone Company of Canada;

>>>Bell Communications Research, or Bellcore, the name previously used today by Telcordia Technologies before 1997. The laboratory Bellcore was a consortium of companies operating regional Bell (RBOC) on separation of AT & T in 1984

>>>Bell patents Association, technically not a company but a guardian and a first verbally partnership in 1874 to be the holders of patents developed by Bell and his assistant Thomas Watson. Approximately 30% interest should be held by Gardiner Greene Hubbard, a lawyer and future brother-Bell, Thomas Sanders, the well-to-do leather merchant father of one of the students who are deaf Bell and Bell 's finally. The last 10% interest of the association has been attributed to Thomas Watson Bell assistant, in lieu of salary. The verbal agreement patents Association was formalized in a Memorandum of February 27, 1875.of the assets of the Association of patents later became the foundation of the Bell Telephone Company, a private equity law created in July 1877 by Gardiner Hubbard

>>>Bell Telephone Company founded July 9, 1877 by Alexander Graham Bell's father-in-law Gardiner Greene Hubbard and partner. It was renamed the national telephone company Bell February 17, 1879

>>>Bell Telephone Company of Canada, the ancestor of the current Bell Canada owns the brands squarely at Canada's "Bell"

>>>Bell Telephone Company of Illinois

>>>Bell Telephone Company of Michigan

>>>Bell Telephone Company of New Jersey

>>>Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania

>>>Bell Telephone Laboratories, the former Bell Laboratories, the research arm of and development of the Bell System, and also formerly known as AT & T Bell Laboratories. Bell Laboratories is now the research organization of Alcatel-Lucent;

>>>Bell Telephone Manufacturing Company of Belgium was established as a subsidiary of the International Society for Bell Telephone in 1882 and was sold to International Telephone & Telegraph (ITT) in 1925. ITT later sold all its assets to international telecommunication Alcatel-Lucent in 1989

>>>Bell System, which refers to a name commonly used to describe the group of companies that operated initial telephone services in the United States and Canada;

>>>BellSouth Advertising & Publishing Corporation, publishes telephone directories for AT & T customers served by BellSouth Telecommunications. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of AT & T was founded in 1984 to undertake the operations of the Bell System Yellow Pages owned by Southern Bell and South Central Bell. BAPCO published subdirectories of the "Real Pages" name;

>>>BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc., now part of the regional operating companies of Bell AT & T serves the southeastern United States (Alabama / Florida / Georgia / Kentucky / Louisiana / Mississippi / North Carolina / South Carolina / Southeast / Tennessee). BellSouth Telecommunications was formed January 1, 1992, when BellSouth merged its operating companies, Southern Bell and South Central Bell, into a single entity;

>>>Cincinnati Bell, Inc., a former independent Bell System deductible Cincinnati Bell, who was not part of the divestiture of AT & T in 1984

>>>Belgian company of Bell Telephone, Antwerp, Belgium, formed in 1882 as an affiliate of the International Society of Bell Telephone;


>>>Edison Gower-Bell Telephone of Europe, Ltd., which owned patents phone Bell, Edison and Frederic Gower (see below) in Europe, and was responsible for sales in all European countries outside the Great Britain, France, Turkey and Greece

>>>Gower Bell Telephone Company was created by a European company Frederick Allan Gower United States, who have already had a franchise Bell in New England in the 1880. In the United Kingdom, he has created a phone of its own design, free patent Bell, which became the common British office telephone, In 1881, Gower Bell joined the U.S. telephone company (a merger of Edison and Bell in London) and established the construction and maintenanceTelephone consolidated Co. Ltd., for the manufacture of telephones

>>>Illinois Bell Telephone Company, operating as AT & T Illinois

>>>Indiana Bell Telephone Company, Inc., operating as AT & T Indiana;

>>>International Bell Telephone Company, formed in 1880 to help promote the work of Bell outside of North America

>>>Japan Bell Telephone and the Bell Telephone Laboratories Japan,

>>>Malheur Bell, the common name of the Company Woe phone home phone service in rural Oregon company which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company Qwest;

>>>Michigan Bell Telephone Company, operating as AT & T Michigan;

>>>National telephone company Bell, the new name of the former Bell Telephone Company. He earned his new name in March 1979, and was later renamed the American Bell Telephone Company in March 1880

>>>Nederlandsche Maatschappij Bell Telefoon the Netherlands, founded in 1881 as an affiliate of the International Society of Bell Telephone;

>>>New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, which merged with Bell Telephone Company in 1877 to become the national telephone company Bell;

>>>New Jersey Bell Telephone Company, a currently existing regional LEC

>>>Company northwest of Bell Telephone, which provides just north of the south-west of Bell, including: Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Nebraska;

>>>Nevada Bell Telephone Company, operating as AT & T Nevada;

>>>Ohio Bell Telephone Company, operating as AT & T Ohio;

>>>Bell Telephone Company of Eastern New York, who later became the Oriental Telephone Company which was established January 25, 1881, following an agreement between Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, and the telephone company Anglo-Indian , Ltd.. The company was allowed to sell phones to Greece, Turkey, South Africa, India, Japan, China, and other Asian countries;

>>>Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Company was the name of the telephone business system Bell California;

>>>Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Company, which provides telephone service in the states of Oregon, Washington and northern Idaho;

>>>Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs), which after 1984 included Southwestern Bell Corporation, BellSouth Corporation and Bell Atlantic Corporation (which later became Verizon Communications Inc.), as well as several other non - companies "Bell;

>>>Shanghai Bell Telephone Equipment Mfg. Co., Shanghai, China, formed with BTM ITT Belgian subsidiary in 1983. [90] In 1987, Alcatel bought BTM and subsequently changed its name to Shanghai Bell Telephone "Alcatel Shanghai Bell in 2001, Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell in 2009

>>>South Central Bell Telephone Company, based in Birmingham, Alabama, was the name of the operating system from Bell in Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi and Tennessee. South Central Bell was founded in July 1968, when the Bell telephone operations in these states were divided off Southern Bell;

>>>Southern New England Telephone, began operations January 27, 1878 the District Telephone Company of New Haven. He was the founder of the first telephone exchange and the world's first phone book. He is currently the business of AT & T Connecticut;

>>>Southwestern Bell Corporation, is currently part of the regional operating companies of Bell;

>>>Telephone Company (Bell's patents) Ltd was registered in London, England, June 4, 1878. It opened in London August 21, 1879, becoming Europe's first exchange phone.

>>>Wisconsin Bell Inc., operating as AT & T Wisconsin;

Alexander Graham Bell in popular culture

In fiction

The Mystery Eric Walters hydrofoil (1999) presents a novel workshops Alexander Graham Bell, casting the hydrofoil as a new weapon of war in preparation for use against German submarines during the First World War.


In film and television

>>>The Story of Alexander Graham Bell (reformatted for VCR) Don Ameche Thurs Bell, ISBN 0-7939-1251-2 (1939);

>>>Biography-Alexander-Graham-Bell, A & E DVD biography based on historical footage and stills Bell (2005);

>>>Noise and Silence: The Story of Alexander Graham Bell (TV mini-series) with John Bach as Bell, Vanessa Vaughan and Elizabeth Quinn portrayed fiancé Bell and wife, respectively; Canada / New Zealand / Ireland (1992) ASIN B0009K7RUW;

>>>Animated Classics Heroes: Alexander Graham Bell (1995) to the Internet Movie Database.

>>>Bell has been honored in many television programs, including: 100 Greatest Britons (2002). The Top Ten Greatest Canadians (2004), The 100 Greatest Americans (2005). Candidates and the classifications of these programs were determined by a popular vote.



Other references to companies homonyms Bell

>>>From 1940 to 1968, the company has sponsored the Bell Telephone Hour on NBC radio and (later) television. The program was devoted to concerts by various singers and musicians.

>>>Steven Spielberg "film in 1982 by ET the Extra-Terrestrial includes a scene where the title character watching a television ad for the Bell System, prompting the famous phrase:" ET phone home! "Later that same year, the character first appeared in one of the Bell AND "Reach out and touch someone" ads.

>>>At the climax of the 1967 film satire analyst Speaker, it is revealed that "The Company Telephone" (TPC) - an obvious allusion to Bell Telephone - provides a massive conspiracy to surgically implant communications devices into the brains of its customers . It also includes a propaganda film that parodies TPC-product the Bell laboratory Science Series, Frank Capra products for Bell Laboratories in the 1950.

>>>The Beastie Boys Bell Telephone alluded to in their song "Sure Shot" and "Get It Together" off the 1994 album Ill Communication ending song with the repeated line, "Ma Bell, I got the Ill Communication" .

    fees names of schools, organizations, awards, and names

A number of schools, institutes, organizations, fellowships, scholarships and places have been named in honor of Bell. A number of historic sites and other marks commemorate as both he and the first telephone company building. Among them are:

International stature (non exhaustive list):

>>>Bell Crater, a large crater on the moon named in his honor by the International Astronomical Union in 1970

>>>The IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal, created by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers each year to honor outstanding contributions in the field of telecommunications (since 1976)

In Canada (non exhaustive list):

>>>The City of Brantford, Ontario, spent a major monument to Bell in 1917, the Bell Telephone Memorial Gardens in the Alexander Graham Bell, read its inscription: "This monument, the work of Walter S. Allward RCA sculptor, was placed here through subscription by the International Bell Telephone Memorial Association to mark the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell Brantford in 1874. In addition, a large monument bell is sitting at the entrance of Brantford recent company Bell Canada telephone building;

>>>The Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships Master's and PhD in engineering and the natural sciences is awarded annually by the Canada Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Ottawa, Ontario (note the double use "Bell" in the name of scholarship);

>>>The Canadian Acoustical Association (CAA) awarded annually Alexander Graham Bell Award in the student voice and acoustic behavior of graduate research, named in honor of the research throughout Bell speech and deafness;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Institute, part of the Cape Breton University in Nova Scotia and available on its website here;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site, maintained by Parks Canada, which includes the Alexander Graham Bell Museum in Baddeck, Nova Scotia. The site is close to the original Bell Beinn Bhreagh succession. National Historic Site in Baddeck, in collaboration with the Bell Museum is open to visitors;

>>>The Bell Homestead, also known as Melville House, overlooking Brantford, Ontario and the Grand River, was the first home of Bell in North America. Both the Bell Homestead and the historic Bell Telephone Company (see below) are open to visitors;

>>>The Bell Homestead Company maintains two historic buildings related to the extended Bell family: the first being the private residence (see item above) and the other being the Henderson House, the first building in Canada to the telephone company of the nascent Bell Telephone Company of Canada. The Henderson home was built on Sheridan Street in the City of Brantford, Ontario, and was then carefully moved in 1969 to its current location on the historic Bell Homestead. Both the Bell Homestead and the Bell Telephone Company building is open to visitors;

>>>The Alexander Graham Bell Memorial Park, with a neo-classical monument representing a broad humanity's ability to communicate around the world instantly;

>>>The Alexander Graham Bell Museum (opened in 1956), which is part of the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site (completed in 1978) in Baddeck, Nova Scotia. Many museum objects were provided by Bell's daughters;

>>>The Alexander Graham Bell Club (founded 1891), Canada's oldest continuous women's club, which is derived from a social organization began Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia, by Mabel Bell, wife of Alexander. Bell granddaughter and former Secretary, Dr. Mabel Grosvenor Harlakenden was his former honorary president until his death in 2006. The club was originally created as the young ladies of Baddeck Club, was renamed in 1922 after the death of Bell and Mabel Bell declined after the use of his name.

>>>Graham Bell-Victoria School, a public school in Brantford,

>>>ON (merger of two public schools);

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Public School in Ajax, ON;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell High School in Halifax, Nova Scotia;


>>>Graham Bell Court in Milton, Ontario;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Drive, Sydney, Nova Scotia, which intersects two other historically associated with streets named Bell: Douglas McCurdy Drive and Silver Dart Way, next to the JA Douglas McCurdy Airport in Sydney;

>>>Graham Bell Street (street) in the city of Boucherville, and Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Saint-Bruno, Chicoutimi, the more in St-Hubert, Quebec;

>>>The Graham Bell Gifts & Tea Room, Big Baddeck Road, Baddeck, Nova Scotia B0E 1B0.

In France:

>>>Graham Bell Street (street) in the city of Metz, Lorraine, and La Roche-sur-Yon in western France, and in the city of Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, the more the community Noisy the Great, Marne-la-Vallée, Paris;

>>>Avenue Alexander Graham Bell, in the Parc Leonardo da Vinci, Marne la Vallée, Paris.

In India:


>>>Alexander Graham Bell Road, Malabar Hill, Mumbai.

In Germany:

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Straße, Bonn;

>>>Graham Bell Weg "in Garbsen, Hanover;

>>>Graham Bell Straße, Augsburg.

In Mexico:

>>>Graham Bell Steet at Residencial Los Robles, Apodaca.

New Zealand:

>>>Graham Bell Avenue, Mount Roskill, Auckland.

Russia:

>>>Graham Bell Island, in Franz Josef Land.

In South Africa,

>>>Graham Bell Street, in the mail, Eastern Cape, a small town near Port Elizabeth.

Switzerland:

>>>Graham Bell Strasse, Reinach.

In Spain:

>>>Graham Bell Street, Campanillas, Malaga.

In the Netherlands:

>>>Graham Bell Straat in Amsterdam;

>>>Graham Bell Straat, Heerlen.

In the United Kingdom (list not exhaustive):



>>>Alexander Graham Bell birthplace, in a house of 14, Charlotte Street South in Edinburgh, Scotland, where there is an engraved stone to the door of his birthplace, and one more in the route of entry;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Building, University of Edinburgh, which was named after him;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell House, an apartment hotel in Edinburgh also.

In the United States (non-exhaustive list):

>>The Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory in Washington, DC, the informal name Volta Laboratory established by the Volta Associates in 1881;

>>>Two tablets and a historic monument near the minor place in Exeter Boston, MA marks the location of the telephone Alexander Graham Bell's success and the first words he first sent his assistant Thomas Watson Augustus. Join the monument reads: "Birthplace • phone • Here, June 2, 1875, Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas A. Watson first transmitted his son on this successful experiment was conducted in a fifth floor garret at what was 109 Court Street. and marked the beginning of a telephone service in the world • The first phone • "'. separate historical markers were erected by the Boston and New England Telephone and Telegraph Company in 1916, and by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in 2006

>>>Professor Alexander Graham Bell entrepreneurship healthcare was created by Boston University in his memory

>>>Alexander Graham Bell scholarship is awarded to Boston University College of Engineering students;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell School, a public grammar (K-8) school on the north side of Chicago, Illinois, provide programs for deaf, blind, mentally handicapped, gifted students as well as the standard;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, headquartered in Washington, DC, with chapters throughout the United States as well as internationally. The Association also sponsors the AG Bell Scholarship Program awards college for a number of deaf and hard of hearing students pursuing full-time undergraduate or graduate. In 2010, 18 awards were presented ranging from $ 1,000 to $ 10,000;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell School PS 205Q, a public (K-5) school in Bayside, Queens, New York;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Elementary School Academy, a school (PK-8) public Larchmere Blvd. Cleveland, Ohio serving regular and deaf students;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell School, a preschool and kindergarten in the public schools of Columbus Hearing Impaired Program (CHIP) in Columbus, Ohio;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Elementary School, a school (K-1) public in Columbus, OH;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Elementary School, a school (PK-1) regular public, gifted and deaf in Chicago, IL;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Montessori School in Chicago, IL. NB: Both Alexander and his wife Mabel Gardiner Hubbard were important supporters of the Italian Montessori method of teaching children early and helped establish the first Montessori schools in North America


Alexander Graham Bell Elementary School in Detroit, MI;

>>>AG Bell Academy accelerated, school, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Middle School in San Diego, California

>>>AG Bell Academy for Listening and language spoken at 3417 Volta Place, NW, Washington, DC, an independent subsidiary governed by the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, which provides certification of listening, verbal and oral language therapists, specialists and educators;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Hall, one of the residences of the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), next to the National Institute technique for the Deaf (NTID) building was named in honor of Bell and consecrated in 1979 ( Bell had spent large amounts of his personal fortune to create institutions for the deaf). A brass plaque mounted at the entrance notes that Bell was "a brilliant teacher of the deaf and innovative spent much of his life to help deaf children develop the potential of listening, speaking and lip reading . now NTID emulates the ideals for which Alexander Graham Bell worked. " However, those who are opposed to exclusive reliance on oralism Bell and his advocacy for the prevention of deafness through eugenics, protested against the use of his name for institutes residence. In July 2008, President RIT and its Board of Directors has approved the removal of the "Alexander Graham Bell Hall" name plate with her. The action RIT is apparently the only known example of a withdrawal from Bell for ideological reasons;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Boulevard, Lehigh Acres, Lee County, Florida;

>>>Alexander Graham Bell Drive, Columbia, Maryland, and Reston, Virginia.

posthumous tributes

>>>Bell's death at his funeral, ".... every phone on the continent of North America was silenced in honor of the man who had given to mankind the means direct communication at a distance "

>>>When he learned of his death, Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King cabled Mrs. Bell, saying: "[The Government expresses] to you our sense of loss of the world in the death of your husband distinguished. It will never be a source of pride for our country that the great invention, with which his name is associated immortal, is a part of its history. On behalf of the citizens of Canada, let me send you the combined expression of our gratitude and sympathy. "

>>>U.S. President Warren Harding also telegrammed Mrs. Bell, saying: "The announcement of the death of your husband has learned a great shock to me. Like all his compatriots, I learned to revere as one of the greatest benefactors .... and among prominent Americans of all generations. He cried, and be honored by mankind everywhere as that used widely, tirelessly and effectively "


>>>A large number of Bell's writings, notebooks, papers and other documents have been established in the United States Library of Congress Manuscript Division, as documents Alexander Graham Bell family. The collection is currently available for viewing online;

>>>Another large collection of documents from Bell to reside at the Alexander Graham Bell Institute at the University of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia;

>>>The bel (B), and the smallest in decibels (dB), units of measurement of sound intensity were invented by Bell Labs, and were named in his honor. The units are widely used in science, technology and engineering (1937)

>>>The United States Post Office Department issued a commemorative postage stamp of 10 cents Bell, part of its' Famous Americans Series "of 1940. This particular stamp was so popular that it sold in a short time and became, and is to date the most valuable stamp in this series.

>>>The United States Merchant Marine ship SS Alexander Graham Bell (Hull # 583) was launched and commissioned for service in World War II (18 October 1942);
The Telephone Pioneers of America has dedicated a plaque on the wall of the school and Franklin Streets at 13 K NW in Washington, DC, honoring Bell's invention of the Photophone, the precursor fiber optic communication, and that called his greatest invention, the plate read.:
"From the top floor of this building was sent • June 3, 1880 • More than a beam of light to the street in 1325" L "• The first wireless telephone message • In the history of the world. • The apparatus used in sending the message • Has the Photophone invented by Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone • • • This plaque was placed here by • Alexander Graham Bell Telephone Pioneers of America Chapter • ... ", (1947)

>>>The Hall of Fame inductees for Great Americans by 70 votes Bell (1950)

>>>The Salem, MA Essex Institute presented a plaque (originally dedicated in 1922) honoring Alexander Graham Bell and his supporters financial Brown Thomas and Mary Ann Sanders at the New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, located on Essex Street on the YMCA building (1958)

>>>At age 19, Bell wrote a report on his studies of resonance tuning and sent it to philologist Alexander Ellis, a colleague of his father. Ellis would later be portrayed as Professor Henry Higgins in George Bernard Shaw's famous play, Pygmalion in 1913. Pygmalion was later adapted into the Oscar-winning film My Fair Lady, where in tribute to the work of Bell teaching the deaf to speak, the central character of the film, Professor Higgins (played by the famous actor Rex Harrison) refers to the use of "Bell Visible Speech" (1964).

>>>The National Aviation Hall of Fame (NAHF) dedicated to him as a member for his pioneering work in aviation vast (1965)

>>>The International Astronomical Union (IAU) has named a crater on the Moon Bell, in his honor (1970)

Canada Post issued a stamp eight hundred commemorative issue July 26, 1974, honoring the centenary of the invention of the telephone to the parent of Bell, Melville House, now called the Bell Homestead National Historic Site. The stamp features three phones: a (then) modern Contempra phone by Nortel, a much earlier candlestick phone earlier Bell very experimental model of 1875, the phone Gallows (1974);

>>>The National Inventors Hall of Fame (NIHF) inducted as a member of Bell, describing his works: ... Bell's inventive genius is represented only in part by the 18 patents granted in his name alone and the 12 he shared with his collaborators. These include 14 for the telephone and telegraph, four for the cameraphone, one for the phonograph, five for aerial vehicles, four for hydroairplanes and two for a selenium cell (1974)

>>>The IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal was created in his honor by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (currently sponsored by the Labs, Alcatel-Lucent Bell), annually awarded an outstanding contribution in the field of telecommunications (1976 )

>>>Parks Canada recognizes the park on a site within the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic has in Baddeck, Nova Scotia, which contains the Alexander Graham Bell Museum opened earlier in 1956, not far from the Bell estate, Beinn Bhreagh (1976)

>>>The Royal Bank of Scotland issued a £ 1 ticket Memorial to mark the 150th anniversary of the birth of Alexander Graham Bell. [65] The illustrations on the reverse of the note include Bell's face in profile, his signature and objects life and career Bell: telephone users throughout the ages, an audio wave signal, a scheme a telephone receiver, geometric shapes of engineering structures, representations of sign language and the phonetic alphabet, the geese which helped him to understand; flight and sheep which he studied to understand genetics (March 3 1997)

>>>Canada honored Bell with a CAD $ 100 gold coin in honor of the 150th anniversary of his birth (1997) and a piece of a silver dollar commemorating the 100th anniversary of aviation in Canada ( 2009)

>>>Walk of Fame in Toronto, Ontario, winner of a particular star Bell under its new "Innovators" category. "L'étoile (photo right), a former model phone engraved in its center, is located on Simcoe Street, Toronto (2001)

>>>The Ontario Member of Parliament, MPP Dave Levac, and the descendants of Bell, dedicated Brant County section Provincial Highway 403 as "The Alexander Graham Bell Parkway" as well as a outdoor stage called the "Bell Heritage Stage" in Brantford, Ontario (2005)

>>>Google has created a special page on his birthday, with links to the websites of information about him (2008)

>>>Canada has also established the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site, which includes the Alexander Graham Bell Museum in Baddeck, Nova Scotia;

>>>Many other countries have also issued coins, both nominal and secondary, as well as stamps dedicated to him and his inventions. Among the news are multiple issues final stamp and commemorative both Canada and the United States.

Other citations, honors and awards

>>>Bell has received numerous other awards and honorary degrees during her life. Among them were

>>>Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) from Illinois College in recognition of his work for the deaf. Note that this may be an error, as the College's website lists only a single degree of Bell - his LL.D in 1896.

>>>Doctor of Laws degree (LLD) from Amherst College,

>>>Bell also received the Karl Koenig von Württemberg gold

>>>At the age of eighteen, Bell was nominated for membership of the philological erudition Society of London, by the linguist and mathematician Alexander Ellis, on the basis of a study by Bell wrote on connotations.Ellis also lent work of German scientist Hermann von Helmholtz, with an incorrect translation Bell this work became the basis of his research into persistent voice transmission by telephone (1865)

>>>Bell was also named as a resident member of the Boston Society of Natural History (1876)

major awards and tributes

>>>Chief George Henry Martin Johnson (Onwanonsyshon) of the Aboriginal Mohawk Six Nations Reserve, near Bell's home in Brantford, Ontario awarded him the title of Honorary Chief for his work in translating the unwritten Mohawk language into Visible Speech symbols ( c. 1870),

>>>The National Association of Teachers of the Deaf Bell elects its President (1874)

>>>The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office awarded Bell the telephone master patent, No. 174,465, dated March 7, 1876. He becomes the fundamental asset of the Bell Telephone Company, which later became AT & T, sometimes the biggest telephone company. The patent is considered by many as the most valuable ever issued in the history (1876)

>>>The U.S. Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia called newly created Bell a headline around the world a few months after it was patented. Among the judges of the show were the notables Emperor Dom Pedro II of the Empire of Brazil and the eminent British physicist William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin made). Hearing the voice of Bell through the telephone receiver, the emperor deemed exclaimed: "My God, He speaks" Thomson and Emperor Pedro, who was equally surprised that the phone could 'talk' Portuguese subsequently recommended the device to power Scholarship Committee, which voted Bell gold medal for electrical equipment. Bell also won a second gold medal for his display additional Visible Speech at the exposure, and also won a $ 100 phones Emperor Pedro for his country. Ironically, while Bell-employed full-time as both a private tutor and as a professor at the University of Boston hadn ' t expected to attend the show due to his busy work schedule, and left Boston at the last minute to attend the exhibition at the insistence of his back then-girlfriend and future wife, Mabel Hubbard , aged 18 years. may Dom Pedro view of the invention at the fair was instrumental rewards and Bell won world titles in helping gain acceptance of public telephone (1876 )

>>>The American Academy of Arts and Sciences Bell one elected member of the Academy (1877) [8]

>>>Bell was awarded the James Watt silver medal for the phone of the Royal Society of Cornwall Polytechnic (1877)

>>>The Massachusetts Association of Charitable Mechanic (aka Association mechanics of Boston) was awarded two gold medals in Bell, as an exhibitor No. 626 recorded in the New England Telephone Company of Boston, MA, both for telephone and Visible Speech, matching the results of the Centennial Exposition held in Philadelphia two years earlier (1878)

>>>The Society of Arts in London awarded him his first Royal Albert medal, a silver medal for his article on the phone (1878)

>>>The third Paris World's Fair, called Expo, awarded Bell (with Elisha Gray and Thomas Edison) Grand Prix for the telephone (1878)

>>>Gallaudet College, chartered earlier than the Columbia Institution for the Deaf, and then called the National College deaf in Washington, DC received an honorary doctorate Bell "in recognition of his work for the Deaf" (1880)

>>>The French Academy, which is the French government awarded Bell the Volta Prize with a purse of 50,000 francs (about $ 10,000) for the invention of the telephone (1880). Given that Bell was richer, he used his earnings to create endowment funds (the 'Volta Fund') and institutions in and around the capital of the United States in Washington, DC. They included the prestigious' Volta Laboratory Association '(1880), also known as the "Volta Laboratory' and 'Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory', and the creation of the Volta Bureau (1887) as a study center deafness. The Volta Laboratory became an experimental facility funded permanently dedicated to scientific discovery, and the following year invented a wax phonograph cylinder that was later used by Thomas Edison,

>>>The President of the Third French Republic, Jules Grevy, on the recommendation of his Minister of Foreign Affairs Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire and presentations of the Minister of Posts and Telegraphs Louis Cochery Bell distinction designated by an "officer of the Legion of Honour '(Légion d'honneur) by decree 10 November 1881, in recognition of his inventions (1881)

                                  Decree granting Helmholtz, Bell and Edison, the Legion of Honor






>>>The Society for Arts questions their second silver medal of the Royal Albert him for his article on his proudest achievement, the Photophone, invented a year earlier (1881)

>>>The University of Würzburg, Bavaria granted honorary Bell (PhD) (1882).

>>>The National Academy of Sciences elected as a member of Bell (1883)

>>>The American Institute of Electrical Engineers, which preceded the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Bell elected as one of its vice-presidents founders, and later raised its president (1884 and President from 1891 to 1892)

>>>Rupert Charles University of Heidelberg, Germany awarded him an honorary doctorate in medicine, Bell's invention of a metal detector ultrasound used in order to save the life of President James Abram Garfield (1886)

>>>The American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) has appointed its Chairman Bell (1891-1892)

>>>Harvard University awarded him an honorary doctorate "degrees of Laws (LL.D.) (1896)

>>>Illinois College awarded him a doctorate in law degree (1896): Note: there are two different years cited for that degree college data is displayed.

>>>The National Geographic Society has appointed president (1898-1903)

>>>The U.S. Senate gave him several appointments as a regent of the famous Smithsonian Institution (1898-1924)

>>>The Washington Academy of Sciences, founded by a group of scientists that included Samuel Langley, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, the elected President of Bell (c.1900)

>>>The U.S. Census Bureau has appointed a special office to determine the extent of the twelfth census apply to the deaf in the United States (1900)

>>>The Society of Arts in London, England, he was awarded the Albert Medal for his invention of the telephone (1902)

>>>University of St Andrew Bell received a Ph.D. degree (Ph.D.) (1902)

>>>The University of Edinburgh awarded him an honorary degree Doctor of Laws degree (1906)

>>>Oxford University awarded him an honorary doctorate degree Doctor of Science (DSc / ScD) (1906)

>>>The American Association of engineering societies he was awarded the John Fritz Medal (1907)

>>>Bell and four other members of the Aerial Experiment Association are awarded the Science Prize for American airplane flight First public than one kilometer from the United States (1908)

>>>Queen University in Kingston, Ontario, presented a honorary doctorate "degrees of Laws (LL.D.) to him (1909)

>>>The Bell Homestead Museum, "part of the site of Bell Homestead National Historic Site, is a first-time home of the Bell family in North America and the site where Bell invented the telephone in the summer of 1874, was opened to the public in 1910. The farm, carriage house and main building, Melville House were previously obtained from its last private owner by the Bell Telephone Memorial Association in 1909. The site has also added later Henderson House, Canada's first office telephone company (Bell Canada's predecessor), and was transferred to the museum's original location in downtown Brantford. Today, it is operated by the Bell Homestead Society, and was designated a National Historic Site (1910)

>>>At its creation at its first meeting November 2, 1911 in Boston, brothers Telephone Pioneers of America member organization comprised of Bell its first charter. The organization has since grown to more than 600,000 people (1911).

>>>The Franklin Institute awarded Bell, Elliott Cresson Medal in the field of engineering for "electrical transmission of articulate speech" (1912)

>>>George Washington University awarded him an honorary degree (1913)

>>>The Royal Society awarded him the David Edward Hughes Medal for "an original discovery in the physical sciences, particularly electricity and magnetism or their applications" (1913)

>>>Dartmouth College awarded an honorary doctorate of law degree Doctor Bell (1913)

>>>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers awarded him the Thomas Alva Edison Medal "for meritorious achievement in career science, electrical engineering, electrical or electrical arts" (1914)

>>>Bell, celebrity, New York, solemnly inaugurated U.S. transcontinental telephone system on the first call by a widely reported to his former assistant Thomas Watson in San Francisco, during which Watson joked that Bell could hear "much better now" (1915)

>>>Dr. John H. Finley, founder of the American Red Cross Junior and New York State Commissioner of Education, Bell presented the Medal of Honor Civic Forum Distinguished Public Carnegie Hall (1917)

>>>The Governor General of Canada, Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire, unveiled the Bell Telephone Memorial (photo below) erected in honor of the city of Bell Telephone (Brantford, ON) Alexander Graham Bell Gardens within the City of Brantford network of public parks (1917).           




>>>Bell launches School Alexander Graham Bell in Chicago, Illinois. The primary school was founded in 1917 with 24 classrooms for hearing students and 15 classrooms for deaf students, after the Chicago School Board has allocated U.S. $ 285,000 for it in 1915 (approximately $ 6.55 million in current dollars). The school, one of the largest built in the public school system of Chicago at the time, opened a year earlier.(1918)

>>>The City of Edinburgh made ​​him a Burgess and Bell honored with his citizenship during his final price "farewell visit" to Europe (1920). He was accompanied by his wife, Mabel, and her granddaughter and Secretary Mabel H. Grosvenor.

Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes

Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes include honors bestowed and awards named for him.

"   They tell us our honor a man is simply reputing him useful to us explicitly, and so we honor the generous and beneficent .... and so we honor the heroes who lived in times previous or distant nations, imagining they are our contemporaries and countrymen ... "


- William Francis Hutcheson, a system of moral philosophy, in three books

Alexander Graham Bell received numerous tributes during his life, and new awards were subsequently named for him posthumously.

external links

>>>2010: Year of the British Home Child (video). A news report on Cyril capsule Kinsella as a British Home Child immigrant to Canada, and his role in the Bell Telephone Memorial. Broadcast on 19 February 2012 at 10:04 p.m. hrs., Produced by the Toronto Sun and Sun Media. Reporting by Vincent Ball, Brantford Expositor.

>>>Historic monuments and sites in Brantford

>>>The Unveiling of the Memorial Bell

For more

Bell Memorial Remarks Mayor Chris Friel thoughts on the importance of the Memorial Bell Rogers Cable, 6 November 2001, with the briefing notes provided by Stephen Robinson (MS Word document)

Deland, Fred (1918). "The Bell Telephone Memorial," Volta Review (journal), vol. 20, pp. 231-236.

References

1. Abcdefghij Whitaker, AJ Bell Telephone Memorial, City of Brantford / Hurley print in Brantford, Ontario, 1944.

2. a b c Osborne, Harold S. (1943) Brief biographical Alexander Graham Bell, National Academy of Sciences: Biographical Memoirs, vol. XXIII, 1847-1922. Presented to the Academy at its annual meeting in 1943.


3. A b c Walter S. Allward Collection: Finding, Museum of Fine Arts of Canada website. Retrieved April 26, 2012.

4. Abcd Bell Monument, HistoricPlaces.ca site, accessed March 27, 2012.

5. Abcd Marquis, TG Brantford, City Telephone, Grand Brantford Expositor, pp.13-14, 20, 1909.

6. Patten, William, Bell, Alexander Melville. telephone pioneer in Canada, Montreal: Herald Press, 1926. (Note: the full name was William Patten Patten, Patten Gulielmus not credited elsewhere)

7. MacLeod, Elizabeth. Alexander Graham Bell: An Inventive Life. Toronto: Kids Can Press, 1999, p.14. ISBN 1-55074-456-9.

8. Sharpe, Robert; Canadian Military Heritage Museum. Soldiers and warriors volunteer militia early in Brant County: 1856-1866, Brantford, ON: Canadian Military Heritage Museum, 1998, p. 80, ref. Citation No. 142 and 143, which in turn cites:
Field, FA "The Telephone Factory First," Blue Bell (magazine), The Bell Telephone Company of Canada, January 1931. Retrieved April 22, 2012.

9. Reville 1920, p.322.

10. Prevey, Harry W. (Ed.) Collins, Larry. electricity, medium magic, Thornhill, ON: IEEE Canadian Region, 1985, p. 4, ISBN 0-9692316-0-1.

11. Ibbotson, Heather. city ​​has lost many historic buildings, Brantford Expositor, April 5, 2012.

12. Ab The inflated values ​​automatically calculated.

13. "Monument proposed inventor of the telephone: Unusual Honor" New San Jose evening, November 1, 1907, p.8.

14. "Birth Telephone Memorial", Gisborne, New Zealand: Poverty Bay Herald (Gisborne Herald), Volume XXXIV, No. 10963, May 4, 1907, p.3.

15. Muir, Gary. Bits and Pieces of History Brantford: The family history Cockshutt Retrieved from Brantford.Library.on.ca, April 24, 2012.

16. A b c Brant Historical Society. The inauguration of the Memorial Bell in Brantford, Ontario, October twenty-fourth, 1917 (transcription), Brantford, ON: ordered by Judge Alexander D. Hardy Bell Memorial Association, on behalf of the Brant Historical Society, 1917. Retrieved from Brantford.Library.on.ca March 27, 2012.

17. A b c d Ball, Vincent. The Industrial Architect and Home Boy, Brantford, ON Brantford Expositor, December 27, 2009. Retrieved from BrantfordExpositor.ca April 23, 2012.

18. A b c d Ruby, Michelle. Bell Homestead Descendants place to celebrate Centennial, Brantford Expositor, July 26, 2010. Retrieved April 25, 2012.

19. Elgin Balfour Foundation. The sampler A Book About Brantford, Elgin Balfour Foundation, Moyer Printing Co. Ltd., 1977 [March 1979] (MS Word document), pp. 69-71.

20. Marshall, Barbara Ruth. Sir Edmund Walker, Servant of Canada (thesis), Department of History, University of
British Columbia, June 1971.

21. McMeal, Harry B. Unveiling of Memorial Bell in Brantford, Ontario, California. , Telephony, Telephone Pub. Corp., 1917, Volume 73, p.21.

22. Abc The Globe ", the inventor of the telephone confirms the claim Brantford," Toronto: The Globe (Globe & Mail), 25 October 1917, p.5.

23. Bruce, Robert V. Bell: Alexander Bell and the conquest of solitude. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990, pp.482-483. ISBN 0-8014-9691-8.

24. Reville 1920, p.311.

25. "Canada in the Journal," Vancouver Daily Sun, November 18, 1917.

26. Raymond, AND Brantford, The Telephone City, Brantford War Memorial Association.

27. A b Allward, Model WS-Sketch No. 8: Sketch Description Model Accompaniment Project Memorial Bell Telephone (Allward description of the model), undated. Retrieved from brantford.ca April 14, 2012. (MS Word document)

28. Brantford Expositor. "War Veteran sees for the first time Figure Bell Memorial He had asked for," Brantford Expositor, May 4, 1946.

29. Reville, F. Douglas. History of the County of Brant: Illustrated with fifty Halftone Taken From miniatures and photographs, Brantford, ON: Brant Historical Society, printing Hurley, 1920. Retrieved from Brantford.Library.on.ca May 4, 2012

30. A Graham Bell Telephone Memorial, Nature, vol. 101, 6.5, 7 March 1918, DOI: 10.1038/101005b0.

31. Judd, David. It Could Have Been So Much More different Brantford Expositor, September 22, 1990, pp. A5-A6.

32. "CAN sculptor Allward honored for his public monuments," Canadian Press, 16 August 2010.

References

Note: This article contains the text of the Memorial Bell Telephone AJ Whitaker (1944), a work in the public domain.
Notes

1.  Melville House, a name can be assigned by the Bell Memorial Association, was at the time part of Tutelo Heights (later changed to Tutela Heights) on the outskirts of the city of Brantford, but which was then incorporated into the city.

2.  Bell was originally asked Charles Williams Boston manufacturer to provide a first order of 1000 phones for use in Canada, but small shop Williams could not do a fraction of that number. Bell then spoke with a friend Brantford, James Bouvier (1849 -? February 1881), which created the first mobile phone plant in Canada that produced 2398 phone specifications Bell in 1881. Vacher was sent by Bell to Boston in 1878 to study Williams manufacturing processes for a number of months, and then returned to Brantford both products and develop models of Bell Telephone. Among the drawings cowherd was a transmitter equipped with a triple tip for three people to talk to, sing simultaneously. An article Brantford Expositor note of the factory: "The city officials and heritage committee members bowed their heads in shame in 1992, when it was learned that the building that once housed the factory first phone in the world had been approved for demolition. Monitoring embarrassing appeared too late to stop demolition teams that were already demolishing the old building 32 Wharfe St. .. The building where the equipment for telephone Alexander Graham Bell made the first was, had even been photographed and written in a printed brochure on the city, the great inventor. A plaque erected by the Telephone Pioneers of America announcing the construction of importance had been stripped of the structure in the mid-1980 and donated Brant County ".

3. Whitaker States booklet nine models, while Elgin Balfour wrote that ten models were submitted to the committee.

4. The ringing phone money presented to the Governor General of Canada was identical to that presented earlier in 1901 by Bell's father, Alexander Melville Bell, Prince of Wales (later King George V) in Brantford, at the prince's visit to Canada.

5. The table contains three bronze figures in alto-relief rilievo and measures approximately 773 cm wide by 250 cm high. According to the documents, the casting process 'imposed' existing capacities foundry at the time.

6. Cyril Kinsella (born March 1897, London, England -. Died December 27, 1960, San Luis Obispo, California) was prominently mentioned during the unveiling of the monument and read the latest event. After his return to Canada, he moved to California where he was a farmer for over 40 years, living in the community of Tipton and later in the town of Grover. Obituary data lists his wife Margaret Kinsella and him as a member of the 7th Day Adventist Church of Arroyo Grande, as Honorary Mayor of Grover City, and as having a sister, Mrs. Mable Lyons Crowland, England. In May 1946, he returned to Canada with his wife, and was able to see the monument. He pointed to a news reporter, "Although Hamilton to want to see me in bronze on the monument which commemorates one of the greatest inventions of man, became irresistible.

7. The Museum of Fine Arts of Canada Allard wrote: "Allward (1875-1955) was probably Canada's most important sculptor monumental in the first third of this century ...... his most notable success has was the beginning of Alexander Graham Bell Monument (1908-1917), in Brantford, Ontario. "

Location 

Bell Memorial, located in the Bell Memorial Gardens at 41 West Street, is located north of Wellington Street in the city of Brantford. Section of King Street next to the monument bears the postal code N3T 3C8.

The monument itself is located in an enclave of land forming a near-triangular park bounded by Western public, Wellington and King at its southern end, where the monument is located. The triangular plot at the front of the building has been transformed into a park, with its docks being turfed. The front panel contains the gore that the monument is a small gore that was artistically arranged as a park, the entire area is designated as the Bell Memorial Gardens. The park itself is in the East Ward area near the center of Brantford, Ontario, at coordinates 43 ° 8 '28 "North, 80 ° 16 '5" West, not far from Colborne Street Bridge cross the Grand River

Heritage designation

The cast bronze monument, designed in the neoclassical style by the sculptor Walter S. Allward and inaugurated in 1917, has received historic designation No. HPON07-0102 for its heritage value by the City of Brantford, under Part IV of the Heritage Act (By-law No. 132-2005)


>>>Features that have contributed to the heritage value of the Memorial Bell included

>>>its location in Brantford, home of Alexander Graham Bell

>>>the several figures of cast bronze, representing the sending and receiving voice

>>>the telephone line and connect the numbers representing the curvature of the earth and expressing phone use worldwide

>>>stone fountain on the back, with gargoyles bullfrog

>>>pilasters cutting with the British Crown and Maple Leaf

>>>the layout of the site with the central sculpture by Walter S. Allward, famous sculptor of Canada.

2010 commemorations 

Memorial Bell served as gathering important monument and memorial site of Brantford, used to bring people together for fundraisers, marches and civic events. At the armistice of the First World War, it became a rallying point spontaneous celebration. It was also used to help raise funds for Brantford Cenotaph, another Allward work.

In 2010, both Parks Canada and the Historic Sites and Monuments of Canada celebrated the work Allward in two separate commemorations. In July this year, the first ceremony was held in the grace of Brantford Anglican Church, next to the Memorial Bell. After the ceremony, Lt. Col. Scott Myers Allward and Mrs. Elsie Martin, great-grandchildren of Allward and Bell, respectively, posed for the media on the stone steps in front of the monument, 93 years after its inauguration by their large grandfathers. The Bell Homestead National Historic Site in Brantford (also known as Melville House), the first home of the Bell family in North America, was also launched at the same time again on its 100th anniversary. Ontario Lieutenant Governor David Onley attended a dinner and concert in Brantford to commemorate the dedication of the Memorial Bell Bell Homestead.

A month later, the Commission on Historic Sites and Monuments plaque affixed to the monument honoring the sculptor himself, noting the appointment of Allward as a person of national historic significance because of its "original meaning ... spatial composition, his mastery of classical form and his brilliant skills "

Other features monument

At the top of the monument is a series of steps leading to the main part of the monument, a mass range of Stanstead granite white, facing the largest bronze foundry created in that time, which taxed the capacity of its foundry. The sculptor has sought to highlight, as the keynote, the discovery by man of his power to transmit sound through space. Above the reclining figure of man is inspiration, urging them to redouble their efforts, while at the other end of the panel are the numbers of knowledge, joy and sadness, brought to the man by phone. On both sides of the main part of the monument, two "heroic" female figures representing humanity in bronze on the mountains of granite, which is represented in the act of sending, the other receiving a message on the phone. The two female figures were placed at a certain distance in order to designate the power of the phone to great distances. Work together focuses on the line of curvature of the earth casting in bronze, representing the extent of the global phone use. proposed Allward original design for the monument also included flags or the greatest nations of the world, a modern element that was probably omitted because it would go against the neo-classical monument.

The back of the monument contains a stone foundation, with Bullfrog gargoyles, and cut in the stone, pilasters, are representations of the British Crown and the maple leaf. At the rear, too, was placed a bronze plaque giving the names of customers and the Executive Committee of the Association. Foundation, stairs, plinths and walls are made of durable Stanstead granite. In the main, right and left, two circular panels are inscribed: "Hoc Opus Telephonica Patri Dedicatum East" (the monument was dedicated to the author of the invention) and "Mundus Telephonica Usu Recreatus is. " (The world has been recreated with the phone). Under the bronze casting is a great central inscription: "To commemorate the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in Brantford in 1874.

During his unveiling of the Memorial Bell has created a stir controversy with its abstract allegorical interpretations. It has also launched its creator and renowned sculptor. The monument was designed and manufactured according to Walter Seymour Allward (1875-1955), probably the best in Canada monumental sculptor of the time. In addition to the Memorial Bell, he has created many other important monumental works, the largest being the Canadian National Vimy Memorial in the Pas-de-Calais, France, commemorating Canada's sacrifices and casualties in the First World War, a project he worked on 16 years, until its completion in 1936.

The Bell Telephone Memorial is situated in the Bell Memorial Gardens, a small park in downtown Brantford, in an area originally intended to be the new municipal center town, but was then constructed later.

The human model, the transmission of sound through space


The model of "man, discovering its power to transmit sound through space" was Cyril George William Kinsella (1897-1960), a wounded war veteran and a former resident of Brantford. Kinsella served as a model representing Allward naked man after being seriously wounded in the European conflict. Born in the United Kingdom, it became one of the approximately 100,000 disadvantaged children and orphans British "children at home," sent to Canada and other Commonwealth countries to find a better life in the end 19th and early 20th century. following his arrival in Ontario in 1908, he lived in a series of houses Fegan (named after James William Condell Fegan Britain), including one in Toronto, where he met Allward probably later. Kinsella finally settled in Brantford County farm work. Minor, but healthy 178 cm (5 '10 ") in height, in 1914, he enlisted in Brantford Dufferin Rifles Battalion service overseas where he fought in Belgium and France with the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War


Kinsella was injured and in shock at the Second Battle of Ypres, France and, after being reformed and discharged back to Canada in 1916, worked as a model Allward. He then became bored with civilian life and reenlisted in the Canadian Army. He served with the 1st Canadian Division, fourth battalion near the northern village of Sainte-Marie French Chappell at the inauguration of the monument in Brantford, and later returned to Canada at the end of the war.

Memorial

The memorial was one of the most impressive monuments of the time in Canada to describe distances on Earth is "devastated" by the phone. Style allegorical figures of the monument represents several aspects of phone use in the world.

Its most striking feature is its large main panel in cast bronze, about seven and a half meters wide and two and a half meters high, which depict ".... the elusive dream of the young inventor Inspiration whispering in man's power to transmit sound through space. Three ephemeral ghostly figures, two of which are expressed in mid-relief and a top (alto-rilievo) relief portraying knowledge, Joy and Sorrow, transmitted to humans by the phone. Two "heroic" figures flanking the wide staircase leading to the monument symbolizes humanity sending and receiving a message.

Long completion times and

The price for the memorial of the commission was made in 1908 on the condition that the work would be completed by 1912. Allward was helped by his assistant studio, Emanuel Otto Hahn (1881-1957), another remarkable sculptor who worked on the monument with him until 1912, when Hahn left for the Ontario College of Art, eventually directing his sculpture department and become the president of the Sculptors Society of Canada. The project took place slowly, in part due to concurrent work Allward on several other committees at the same time, including the War Memorial in South Africa, a monument erected in GTA. For various other reasons the memorial was not completed until 1917, with the First World War, the shortage of transport equipment limitations and create delays.


The Brantford monument was finally unveiled by rain Wednesday, October 24, 1917 by Victor Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire,  then Governor General of Canada, before an audience of thousands. He arrived in the city by train, with the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, Sir John Hendrie, Hon. Senator Robertson Privy Council, the Hon. WD McPherson of the Government of Ontario and other notables. They were greeted by a chorus of children, honor guards, the band of the 125th (Brantford) Battalion and chime Grace Anglican church located just a few dozen meters from the memorial. Also present were in full war regalia AR Hill was head of the tribes of the Six Nations of the Grand River, where Bell, on his arrival in Canada, had learned to make a Mohawk war dance.



As a holiday was declared for the unveiling, the normal activities of the city were closed for the entire day. After the governor general ended his speech in front of the monument and unveiled his guys, he went into the old town Opera because of the rain, with a large number of the crowd. The ceremony continued inside with Bell addressed the audience again twice to the opera and during an official reception at the House Kerby with JAD McCurdy, partner of Bell's Aerial Experiment Association, and Gilbert Grosvenor, chairman of the National Geographic Society, and others.

Alexander Graham Bell, in his speech, reminded participants that "Brantford is just claiming the invention of the telephone here ... [Was] designed to Brantford in 1874 and born in Boston in 1875 ", and later addressing the Duke, said:" ... on behalf of the Association to submit to His ... Excellence [with] a phone money ... I hope that in use, it will be recalled that the phone from Brantford and the first remote transmission was made between Brantford and Paris. "

In appreciation for the people of Brantford, Bell's wife, Mabel Hubbard Bell, contributed $ 500 (about $ 8,900 in current dollars) to support fund of the city for his soldiers fought Europe.

Choice of the selection committee

Invitations were sent to 22 sculptors in Europe, the United States and Canada in 1908, inviting them to submit designs for the proposed monument, and a dozen models in May 1909 were submitted. A committee was appointed by drawings association composed of its President, William Cockshutt, CH Waterous, TH Preston, George Hately (Secretary), AJ Wilkes, more KC and FD Reville Reville. The group selected the three best designs they favored models presented. A trio of outside judges, Sir Byron Edmund Walker of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Toronto, Senator George Allen Davis, Buffalo, New York, and Sir George Christie Gibbons, London, Ontario, all patrons were invited to join the committee to make a final decision.

After a review of the award was made to Walter Seymour Allward Toronto. The millionaire banker and philanthropist Sir Byron Walker was capable of swinging persuasion in the unanimous decision of the sculptor. Walker, the second son of a poor but well educated Ontario, who had emigrated from England, led the Museum of Fine Arts Ontario and has worked with numerous institutions, including the Royal Museum of Ontario, the National Gallery of Canada, the Champlain Society and the Guild of Civic Art. He had also been appointed to the Advisory Council of the Arts in Ottawa, and helped the commission for several previous Allward Victorian allegorical monuments and nationalism. Walker, like other Victorian Protestants at a time when Darwinism had fallen in the service of God, justified his life serving man, and one of the facets of his service was to help make art and education more accessible to all classes. In this journey Allward became one of his assistants capable.

History

Alexander Graham Bell designed the technical aspects of the phone and it was invented in July 1874 while residing with his parents on their farm in Tutelo Heights (the name of the First Nations tribe who settled the area) on the outskirts of Brantford, Ontario. Later, he refined his design in Brantford, having produced his first working prototype in Boston.The factory phone first time, a three-storey brick was soon making phones in Brantford to the Bell System, resulting in a style of the city such as telephone town.

The Bell Memorial Association was formally established in 1906 to commemorate the invention of the telephone by Bell. This year the association was formed and organized by an Act of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario to commemorate the invention of the telephone in Brantford and perpetuate the name of its inventor.

The association was organized with the support of the Prince of Wales (later King George V), and the Earl of Minto, the Viceroy of India, then Governor General of Canada, and the latter's successor , Governor General Earl Grey (Gris Cup fame), plus about a dozen other highly important leaders in Canada and the United States supported the project with their support. Donald Howard, Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal became the first honorary president, and his death was replaced by Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, a former Governor General of Canada. The association process raised over C $ 65,000 (more than $ 1,162,000 in current dollars) with donations from citizens, the Government of Ontario, the Government of Canada, as well as people in then current and former Brantford. The public quickly raised $ 35,000 in a few months, including a federal contribution of $ 10,000 supported by Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier.

William Foster Cockshutt, the local federal Member of Parliament (MP), who originally proposed the memorial in 1904 became president of the association, assisted by another member Lloyd Harris, who served as vice-president. The other members of the Executive included Mayor of Brantford, JW Bowlby, John Muir (Treasurer) and TH Preston, with the selection committee headed by design Sir Edmund Walker, a prominent Canadian banker and philanthropist patron of the arts.

Bell Telephone Memorial

The Bell Telephone Memorial, also known as Bell Memorial is a monument commemorating the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in July 1874 at the home of his parents, Melville House, in Brantford, Ontario, Canada.

In 1906, the citizens of Brantford and Brant County areas formed the Bell Memorial Association. In 1908, the Committee requested the association develops on two continents sculptors to submit proposals for the memorial. Presentation by Canadian sculptor Walter Seymour Allward Toronto won the competition. The monument was originally scheduled to be completed in 1912, but did not finish Allward five years later, aided by his studio assistant Emanuel Hahn. The Governor General of Canada, Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire, ceremoniously unveiled the monument October 24, 1917.


Allward designed the monument to symbolize the phone's ability to overcome distance. A series of steps lead to the main section where the allegorical figure floating inspiration appears on a recumbent figure representing men man, inventor, and pointing to the floating figures of knowledge, joy, sadness and at the other end of the table. In addition, there are two female figures mounted on granite pedestals representing humanity ends of the memory, sending and receiving another message.

The magnitude of the Bell Telephone Memorial has been described as the finest example of early work Allward. He brought the renowned sculptor and eventually led to the creation of Allward Canadian National Vimy Memorial in France. Some works of the sculptor were also acquired by the National Gallery in Ottawa, Canada art gallery par excellence. The monument itself was used as a central device for many civic events and remains an important part of the history of Brantford, helping the city style itself as "The City Telephone".

Notable cases

Among the notable legal cases involving the Bell Telephone Company, later renamed the American Bell Telephone Company, were those related to the challenges by Elisha Gray, a principle of Western Electric, as described in the Elisha Gray and Alexander controversy phone Bell.

In addition, the Bell company became involved in a number of challenges associated with these companies Antonio Meucci, as stated in the Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell.

Cases For Phones

The phone cases are a series of lawsuits in the United States in the 1870 and 1880, due to the invention of the telephone, which led to the 1888 decision of the Supreme Court of the United States respecting the priority of patents belonging to Alexander Graham Bell. These patents were cited by phone American society and the Bell Telephone Bell System-although they also acquired patents microphone critics Emile Berliner.

The opponent (plaintiff) in the case of the Supreme Court was first notable Western Union Telegraph Company, which was at the time a competitor much larger and better funded than American Bell Telephone. Western Union has called several more recent claims of Daniel Drawbaugh, Elisha Gray, Philip Reis and Antonio Meucci, in order to invalidate master Alexander Graham Bell patents telephone subsidiary dating from March 1876. Western Union had succeeded, she would have immediately destroyed the Bell Telephone Company and Western Union was to become the global telecommunications monopoly in place of Bell.

The U.S. Supreme Court entered a vote to overturn Bell's patent, with the eloquence of Lysander Hill lawyer for the telephone company people. In the lower court, the peoples Telephone Company stock has increased rapidly during the first procedure, but dropped after claiming Daniel Drawbaugh took the stand and drawled: ... "I do not remember how I got that I had experience in this sense, I do not remember getting this is not by chance, I do not recall anyone at me about him. "

In this case, the Court affirmed several lower court cases Dolbear et al. v. American Bell Tel. Co., 15 Fed. Rep. 448, 17 Fed. Rep 604, Molecular Te. Co. et al. V American Bell Tel. Co 32 Fed. Rep. 214, Tel popular. Co. et al. v. American Bell Tel. Co., 22 Fed. Rep. 309, and 25 Fed. Rep. 725. Well reverse American Bell Telephone Co. et al. v Molecular Tel. Co et al. 32 Fed Rep. 214.

Bell second fundamental patent expired 30 January 1894, when the doors were opened for independent telephone companies to compete with the Bell System. In total, the American Bell Telephone Company and its successor, AT & T argued 587 legal challenges to its patents, including five who went to the U.S. Supreme Court, and apart from two minor suit contract, has never lost a one which was concluded with a final judgment scene.

Cases for phones
La Cour suprême des États-Unis
24-28 Janvier soutenu, 31, Février 1-4, 7-8, 1887 Décidé Mars 19, 1888
Nom complet de l'affaire	Dolbear v américaine Bell Telephone Company; Moléculaire Telephone Company v American Telephone Company Bell; société américaine Bell Telephone Telephone Company v moléculaire; Clay Commercial Company Téléphone v American Telephone Company Bell; populaire Telephone Company v American Telephone Company Bell; Overland Telephone Company v American Telephone société de Bell
Références bibliographiques	126 US 1 ( plus )
Tenue
Le brevet société de Bell était valide et que l'affaire moléculaire a été renversée.
Adhésion à la Cour
Le juge en chef Morrison Waite Juges associés Samuel F. Miller · Stephen J. Field Joseph P. Bradley · John M. Harlan T. Stanley Matthews · Horace Gray, Samuel Blatchford · QC Lucius Lamar II
Opinions de cas
Majorité	Waite, rejoints par Miller, Matthews, Blatchford
Contestation	M. Bradley, accompagné de terrain, Harlan
Gray, Lamar n'a pas pris part à l'examen ou de la décision de l'affaire.